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Background: Pulmonary Rehabilitation is a high-impact intervention for IPF but access is limited in India, a problem exacerbated by the pandemic which has seen HBPR become a necessity. Aim(s): To explore the lived experiences of people living with IPF to inform HBPR in Delhi, India. Method(s): Ten semi-structured interviews with Adults with IPF. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Result(s): Five key themes were developed (Figure): (1) Diagnosis Journey: Experiences before and during diagnosis, including misdiagnosis, and how family, friends and colleagues reacted to diagnosis. (2) Impact of IPF: The physical and psychological impacts on their life. (3) Non-IPF Impact: The impact of COVID-19 infection and restrictions and previous/existing comorbidities. (4) Management of IPF: Strategies to manage symptoms, including exercise and relaxed breathing. (5) HBPR: Perspectives of HBPR, including its advantages and challenges, their goals if they were to participate, and suggestions to the development of a paper HBPR manual. Conclusion(s): Patients living with IPF were positive about HBPR and the development of a paper-based manual to facilitate HBPR. The content of HBPR should be sensitive to the previous negative experiences of diagnosis, the additional impact of non-IPF health issues and challenges of reduced interactions with healthcare professionals.
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This research study examines volatility contagion (spillover) before and during the COVID period from the Chinese stock market (Shanghai stock market) to the Pakistani stock market (Karachi stock market). We used aggregate market datasets and various industry datasets (11 industries according to GICS classification), employed the EGARCH model to investigate the volatility spillover. Our results indicate that volatility demonstrates different characteristics in aggregate data samples as compared to industrial data samples. Moreover, this study finds return spillover and volatility spillover in both datasets (aggregate and industries). This study suggests that stakeholders should analyse both datasets (aggregate and industry) before taking investment decisions. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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INTRODUCTION Neurointerventional procedures have traditionally been performed via transfemoral access. However, according to interventional cardiology literature, transradial access can have decreased access site complications and possibly decreased mortality compared to transfemoral access. Reported limitations for wide adoption of transradial access in neurointerventional procedures include the learning curve. METHODS All neurointerventional procedures performed at a single institution with a transradial first approach were identified from Aug 2017 to January 2020. Demographic and clinical information were identified. Access site complications were recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to identify predictors of transradial failure. Covariates with P < .15 were inputted into a multivariate model with statistical significance set at P < .05. RESULTS A total of 350 transradial neurointerventional procedures were performed in 313 patients. The mean age was 68.2 years and 51% female. Most procedures (95%) used 6F radial sheaths for access. Biaxial system (e.g. microcatheter and microwire) was used in most procedures (61%). There were 81 aneurysm interventions, 73 embolization procedures, 69 angioplasty/stenting procedures, 116 mechanical thrombectomies including 93 involving the anterior circulation, and 11 vasospasm treatments. There was a remarkably high procedure completion rate with a transradial approach (96%, 335/350). Thirteen procedures were converted to transfemoral access (3.7%), 1 procedure converted to transbrachial access, and 1 procedure aborted completely. On multivariate analysis, decreasing age, female gender, and left-sided target artery were predictive of transradial failure. Radial access site complications were extremely rare (0.6%, 2/350 - 1 forearm hematoma, 1 radial artery occlusion). CONCLUSION In a high-volume endovascular center, transradial approach to a wide variety of neurointerventional procedures is both safe and feasible. Predictors of transradial failure include decreasing age, female gender, and left-sided target artery.